Fuel

Internal combustion engines can use a variety of fuels, the fuels available at US competitions are gasoline of octane ratings 93 and 100, and E85. No fuel additives can be used.

Chemistry

Gasoline

Gasoline is typically approached chemically as pure octane. (Do we need to cover the actual reaction here?)

$2{\text{C}}_{8}{\text{H}}_{18}(l)+25{\text{O}}_{2}(g)\rightarrow 16{\text{CO}}_{2}(g)+18{\text{H}}_{2}{\text{O}}(g)$
that equation's a real doozy in math markup

if we use atomic weights for carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, we find that 2 mol of octane is 224 grams, 25 mol of oxygen is 800 grams which comes from 3809 grams of 21 percent air. This yields an air fuel ratio of 17.

Since gasoline is not pure octane and air is not exactly 21% oxygen. Experimentation(?) yields the stoichiometric ratio of 14.7 grams of air per gram of fuel.

System Design

Fuel Storage

I.C.1.2 Packaging Restrictions

volume determination

• ways to pick factor of safety
  • competition strategy

Tank

mounting material form factor (exterior and interior) sloshing is a meme

Bladder

just pour the gas in a kroger bag and let it flop in the wind /s

Fuel Lines

Hard Lines

only legends do this [citation needed] +weight
- cost
-manufacturing
+pressure
- not as reusable year to year

Soft Lines

pressure and solvent rated
e85 sucks for this
+cost
+manufacturing
+reusable year to year / design to design
-pressure

Braided

you're gonna poke you're eye out kid
- cost
- mfg
- i hate
+ reusable
+ pressure rated

Pump and Pressures

depends on injectors, we ran 3 bar, not sure what other people did i think there are some comp rules on low pressure v high pressure systems

Injectors

Throttle Body Injection

basically electornic carb

Port Fuel Injection

Fuel Injected into the ports just before entering the combustion chamber. Usually leads to well mixed charge [citation needed]

Direct Fuel Injection

big boys do this [citation needed]