Electric Motors - Revision history

Jsimon38 at 08:22, 25 December 2024

2024-12-25T08:22:07Z

Jsimon38: /* Common FSAE Motors */

2024-12-25T08:17:55Z

Common FSAE Motors

Jsimon38: /* Common FSAE Motors */

2024-12-25T08:06:25Z

Common FSAE Motors

Etrain Troy: /* Common FSAE Motors */

2022-06-20T23:44:57Z

Common FSAE Motors

Reberm: /* AC Asynchronous Motors */

2020-05-20T19:00:38Z

AC Asynchronous Motors

Reberm: /* AC Asynchronous Motors */

2020-05-20T18:49:54Z

AC Asynchronous Motors

Reberm: /* AC Asynchronous Motors */

2020-05-20T18:46:45Z

AC Asynchronous Motors

Reberm at 18:45, 20 May 2020

2020-05-20T18:45:41Z

Reberm: /* AC Asynchronous Motors */

2020-05-20T17:09:19Z

AC Asynchronous Motors

Reberm: /* AC Asynchronous Motors */

2020-05-20T17:05:15Z

AC Asynchronous Motors

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-To propel an electric vehicle, electricity must be converted to mechanical force. Electric motors use current flowing through wires to create magnetic fields that interact with other magnetic fields in the motor to create motion.
+To propel an electric vehicle, electricity must be converted to mechanical force. Electric motors use current flowing through wires to create magnetic fields that interact with other magnetic fields in the motor to create motion. This page covers common motor brands used in FSAE, followed by the theory behind different motor topologies. Most competitive motors in FSAE are 3-phase synchronous PMAC (permanent-magnet AC) motors.
 =Motor Types=
@@ Line 110: / Line 120: @@
 While Induction motors are widely used in industrial applications because of their low cost (no permanent magnets) and self starting features, induction machines are not often used in electric vehicles. This is because they are often not as torque dense as their PMSM counterparts and for efficiency purposes due to added rotor losses due to the induced rotor currents. In addition, even with Direct Field Oriented control methods, induction machines are not as responsive as synchronous machines.
 =References=

@@ Line 113: / Line 113: @@
 =Common FSAE Motors=
 When selecting a motor or motors for a car, one must consider availability, cost, mass, size, power, efficiency, compatible motor controllers, and ease of integration. Most teams, especially 1st-year, will be limited by cost, availability, and compatible motor controllers. Additionally, the architecture of the car (RWD, 4WD) should be considered. Here, we list motors by vehicle architecture since RWD vehicles typically have larger, heavier motors (8-10kg) with ample torque (100-150Nm) and average top speeds (6000-8000RPM), while 4WD vehicles typically have smaller motors with less torque (15-30Nm), but are extremely torque-dense (3-5kg) and spin upwards of 15,000RPM.
 ==RWD Architecture==
-Most FSAE motors for RWD are axial-flux vs the traditional radial flux due to their torque density advantages at the FSAE scale. The most common brand is Emrax. A potential alternative to Emrax is Beyond Motors.
+Most FSAE motors for RWD are axial-flux vs the traditional radial flux due to their torque density advantages at the FSAE scale. The most common brand is Emrax. A potential alternative to Emrax is Beyond Motors. This decision will likely come down to cost, power density, and compatible controllers.

@@ Line 112: / Line 112: @@
 =Common FSAE Motors=
-When selecting a motor or motors for a car, one must consider the mass, size, power, efficiency, available controllers, and ease of integration. The most common motors in FSAE are those from Emrax, AMK, and Plettenberg.
+When selecting a motor or motors for a car, one must consider availability, cost, mass, size, power, efficiency, compatible motor controllers, and ease of integration. Most teams, especially 1st-year, will be limited by cost, availability, and compatible motor controllers. Additionally, the architecture of the car (RWD, 4WD) should be considered. Here, we list motors by vehicle architecture since RWD vehicles typically have larger, heavier motors (8-10kg) with ample torque (100-150Nm) and average top speeds (6000-8000RPM), while 4WD vehicles typically have smaller motors with less torque (15-30Nm), but are extremely torque-dense (3-5kg) and spin upwards of 15,000RPM.
 =References=

@@ Line 112: / Line 112: @@
 =Common FSAE Motors=
+When selecting a motor or motors for a car, one must consider the mass, size, power, efficiency, available controllers, and ease of integration. The most common motors in FSAE are those from Emrax, AMK, and Plettenberg.
 =References=

@@ Line 93: / Line 93: @@
 [[File:Rotterdam_Ahoy_Europort_2011.JPG|right|middle|thumb|Induction Machine <ref name="Induction Machine">Wikipedia contributors. (2020, May 17). Induction motor. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:56, May 20, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Induction_motor&oldid=957240578 </ref> ]]
-The torque analysis for an induction machines is more complex than that of a synchronous machine as there are many synchronous reference frames to choose from (e.g. Stator Current Frame, Stator Flux Reference Frame, Rotor Flux reference frame, etc.). For control purposes, namely Direct Field Oriented control, the machine dynamics are represented in the rotor flux reference frame. Additionally, the induction machine must also regulate things like slip frequency (difference between electrical and rotor frequencies) of the machine to generate torque.
+The torque analysis for an induction machines is more complex than that of a synchronous machine as there are many synchronous reference frames to choose from (e.g. Stator Current Frame, Stator Flux Reference Frame, Rotor Flux reference frame, etc.). For control purposes, namely Direct Field Oriented control, the machine dynamics are represented in the rotor flux reference frame. Additionally, the induction machines must regulate both the stator currents and flux levels in the rotor.
 <math> \tau = \frac{3Np}{4}\frac{M}{L_r}|\lambda_r|i_{sq}^{\lambda_r} </math>

@@ Line 95: / Line 95: @@
 The torque analysis for an induction machines is more complex than that of a synchronous machine as there are many synchronous reference frames to choose from (e.g. Stator Current Frame, Stator Flux Reference Frame, Rotor Flux reference frame, etc.). For control purposes, namely Direct Field Oriented control, the machine dynamics are represented in the rotor flux reference frame. Additionally, the induction machine must also regulate things like slip frequency (difference between electrical and rotor frequencies) of the machine to generate torque.
-<math> \tau = \frac{3Np}{4}\frac{M}{L_r}|\Lambda_r|i_{sq}^{\lambda_r} </math>
+<math> \tau = \frac{3Np}{4}\frac{M}{L_r}|\lambda_r|i_{sq}^{\lambda_r} </math>
 Where...

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:45, 20 May 2020
Line 94:		Line 94:

	The torque analysis for an induction machines is more complex than that of a synchronous machine as there are many synchronous reference frames to choose from (e.g. Stator Current Frame, Stator Flux Reference Frame, Rotor Flux reference frame, etc.). For control purposes, namely Direct Field Oriented control, the machine dynamics are represented in the rotor flux reference frame. Additionally, the induction machine must also regulate things like slip frequency (difference between electrical and rotor frequencies) of the machine to generate torque.		The torque analysis for an induction machines is more complex than that of a synchronous machine as there are many synchronous reference frames to choose from (e.g. Stator Current Frame, Stator Flux Reference Frame, Rotor Flux reference frame, etc.). For control purposes, namely Direct Field Oriented control, the machine dynamics are represented in the rotor flux reference frame. Additionally, the induction machine must also regulate things like slip frequency (difference between electrical and rotor frequencies) of the machine to generate torque.
		+
		+	<math> \tau = \frac{3Np}{4}\frac{M}{L_r}\|\Lambda_r\|I_{sq}^{\lambda_r} </math>
		+
		+	Where...
		+
		+	<math>Np</math> = Number of Motor Poles
		+
		+	<math>\lambda_{r}</math> = Rotor flux linkage
		+
		+	<math>M</math> = Mutual Inductance
		+
		+	<math>L_r</math> = Rotor Inductance
		+
		+	<math>I_q^r</math> = Quadrature Current in rotor flux linkage reference frame

	While Induction motors are widely used in industrial applications because of their low cost (no permanent magnets) and self starting features, induction machines are not often used in electric vehicles. This is because they are often not as torque dense as their PMSM counterparts and for efficiency purposes due to added rotor losses due to the induced rotor currents. In addition, even with Direct Field Oriented control methods, induction machines are not as responsive as synchronous machines.		While Induction motors are widely used in industrial applications because of their low cost (no permanent magnets) and self starting features, induction machines are not often used in electric vehicles. This is because they are often not as torque dense as their PMSM counterparts and for efficiency purposes due to added rotor losses due to the induced rotor currents. In addition, even with Direct Field Oriented control methods, induction machines are not as responsive as synchronous machines.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:09, 20 May 2020
Line 91:		Line 91:
	Asynchronous machines are a class of electric motors which are characterized by the fact that their rotor flux is not necessarily synchronous with the rotor itself. The most common and pervasive type of AC asynchronous machines in the induction machine. There are several different configurations of induction motors (wound rotor, squirrel cage rotor, slip-ring, etc); however, they all have similar core operating fundamentals. That is, each machine generates torque by inducing currents on the rotor, thus generating a rotor flux density which interacts with the stator flux.		Asynchronous machines are a class of electric motors which are characterized by the fact that their rotor flux is not necessarily synchronous with the rotor itself. The most common and pervasive type of AC asynchronous machines in the induction machine. There are several different configurations of induction motors (wound rotor, squirrel cage rotor, slip-ring, etc); however, they all have similar core operating fundamentals. That is, each machine generates torque by inducing currents on the rotor, thus generating a rotor flux density which interacts with the stator flux.

		+	[[File:Rotterdam_Ahoy_Europort_2011.JPG\|right\|middle\|thumb\|Induction Machine <ref name="Induction Machine">Wikipedia contributors. (2020, May 17). Induction motor. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:56, May 20, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Induction_motor&oldid=957240578 </ref> ]]

−	~~[[File:Rotterdam_Ahoy_Europort_2011.JPG\|right\|middle\|thumb\|Induction Machine]]~~
−
−
−
−
−	<ref name="Induction Machine">Wikipedia contributors. (2020, May 17). Induction motor. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:56, May 20, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Induction_motor&oldid=957240578 </ref>
	The torque analysis for an induction machines is more complex than that of a synchronous machine as there are many synchronous reference frames to choose from (e.g. Stator Current Frame, Stator Flux Reference Frame, Rotor Flux reference frame, etc.). For control purposes, namely Direct Field Oriented control, the machine dynamics are represented in the rotor flux reference frame. Additionally, the induction machine must also regulate things like slip frequency (difference between electrical and rotor frequencies) of the machine to generate torque.		The torque analysis for an induction machines is more complex than that of a synchronous machine as there are many synchronous reference frames to choose from (e.g. Stator Current Frame, Stator Flux Reference Frame, Rotor Flux reference frame, etc.). For control purposes, namely Direct Field Oriented control, the machine dynamics are represented in the rotor flux reference frame. Additionally, the induction machine must also regulate things like slip frequency (difference between electrical and rotor frequencies) of the machine to generate torque.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:05, 20 May 2020
Line 89:		Line 89:

	==AC Asynchronous Motors==		==AC Asynchronous Motors==
		+	Asynchronous machines are a class of electric motors which are characterized by the fact that their rotor flux is not necessarily synchronous with the rotor itself. The most common and pervasive type of AC asynchronous machines in the induction machine. There are several different configurations of induction motors (wound rotor, squirrel cage rotor, slip-ring, etc); however, they all have similar core operating fundamentals. That is, each machine generates torque by inducing currents on the rotor, thus generating a rotor flux density which interacts with the stator flux.
		+
		+
		+	[[File:Rotterdam_Ahoy_Europort_2011.JPG\|right\|middle\|thumb\|Induction Machine]]
		+
		+

−	Asynchronous machines are a class of electric motors which are characterized by the fact that their rotor flux is not necessarily synchronous with the rotor itself. The most common and pervasive type of AC asynchronous machines in the induction machine. There are several different configurations of induction motors (wound rotor, squirrel cage rotor, slip-ring, etc); however, they all have similar core operating fundamentals. That is, each machine generates torque by inducing currents on the rotor, thus generating a rotor flux density which interacts with the stator flux.

	<ref name="Induction Machine">Wikipedia contributors. (2020, May 17). Induction motor. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:56, May 20, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Induction_motor&oldid=957240578 </ref>		<ref name="Induction Machine">Wikipedia contributors. (2020, May 17). Induction motor. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:56, May 20, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Induction_motor&oldid=957240578 </ref>