fswiki.us - User contributions [en]

Battery Management Systems

2020-06-20T14:54:29Z

Gudni: /* Passive Cell Balancing */

==Cell Balancing==
Cell balancing is required due to the inherent differences in the manufacturing of each battery cell. As cells are charged, some might charge sooner than others, reaching their maximum allowable voltage. When this happens, charging must stop to prevent the cell from being damaged. Unfortunately, this means that cells that aren't at their maximum voltage will be left undercharged. Later, when the pack is discharged, the cells that have less energy in them will discharge to their minimum voltage sooner at which point the battery must be shut off to prevent any cell damage. This again leaves many cells that aren't at their minimum voltage with energy still stored within them. This is wasteful and allows poorly performing cells to degrade more rapidly due to their increased charge cycles.
All of this can be mitigated using cell balancing which attempts to ensure equal distribution of energy amongst all cells during the charging and discharging processes.
===Active Cell Balancing===
Here is a good explanation from Analog Devices: [https://www.analog.com/en/technical-articles/active-battery-cell-balancing.html Active Battery Cell Balancing]

===Passive Cell Balancing===
 Passive cell balancing is where a battery cell is discharged through a resistor in order to bring all the cell voltages in the battery pack down to the voltage of the lowest cell. This method is usually only used for low currents below 1A as the discharged energy is dissipated as heat. If a significant current is required then active balancing should be considered.

 Here is a good explanation from Analog Devices: [https://www.analog.com/en/technical-articles/passive-battery-cell-balancing.html#:~:text=Passive Passive Battery Cell Balancing]

==Safety and Monitoring==
As lithium and some other battery chemistries can be quote volatile when outside of their operating range, it is important of a battery management system to be able to sufficiently measure properties like temperature and voltage of individual cells. This data can also be used to feed algorithms that provide insight like state-of-charge estimation.
===Typical Cell Safe Operating Ranges===

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="height: 17.1719px;"
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Chemistry
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Min Voltage
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Max Voltage
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Discharge Temperature
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Charge Temperature
|- style="height: 16px;"
| style="height: 16px;"|Li-Po
| style="height: 16px;"|3.0V
| style="height: 16px;"|4.2V
| style="height: 16px;"|10°C ~55°C
| style="height: 16px;"|5°C ~ 45°C
|- style="height: 16px;"
| style="height: 16px;"|LiFePO4
| style="height: 16px;"|3.0V
| style="height: 16px;"|3.6V
| style="height: 16px;"|-20°C ~ 60°C 
| style="height: 16px;"|0 ~ 55°C 
|}

===Temperature Measurement===
As per FS rules and industry good practice, a significant number of cells should have their temperature measured at the negative terminal frequently to ensure safety and preventing events like thermal runaway from occurring.

Typically this is done by placing a thermistor on the negative terminal of the cell with a thermally conductive, but electrically insulating material in-between for purposes of electrical isolation.
===Voltage Measurement===
To ensure cells are not being over charged or discharged, accurate voltage measurement of each cell is needed. The battery management system only needs to measure each series connected cell as parallel connected cells will always have the same voltage potential.
==Note==
[http://fsae.polymtl.ca/ Poly eRacing](Polytechnique Montreal) developed an open hardware BMS, named BMSafe. You can reach out to them in order to get theschematic, code, and layout for free.

[[Category:Electric Vehicle]]

Battery Management Systems

2020-06-20T14:50:55Z

Gudni: /* Active Cell Balancing */

==Cell Balancing==
Cell balancing is required due to the inherent differences in the manufacturing of each battery cell. As cells are charged, some might charge sooner than others, reaching their maximum allowable voltage. When this happens, charging must stop to prevent the cell from being damaged. Unfortunately, this means that cells that aren't at their maximum voltage will be left undercharged. Later, when the pack is discharged, the cells that have less energy in them will discharge to their minimum voltage sooner at which point the battery must be shut off to prevent any cell damage. This again leaves many cells that aren't at their minimum voltage with energy still stored within them. This is wasteful and allows poorly performing cells to degrade more rapidly due to their increased charge cycles.
All of this can be mitigated using cell balancing which attempts to ensure equal distribution of energy amongst all cells during the charging and discharging processes.
===Active Cell Balancing===
Here is a good explanation from Analog Devices: [https://www.analog.com/en/technical-articles/active-battery-cell-balancing.html Active Battery Cell Balancing]

===Passive Cell Balancing===
 Passive cell balancing is where a battery cell is discharged through a resistor in order to bring all the cell voltages in the battery pack down to the voltage of the lowest cell. This method is usually only used for low currents below 1A as the discharged energy isdissipated as heat.

 Here is a good explanation from Analog Devices: [https://www.analog.com/en/technical-articles/passive-battery-cell-balancing.html#:~:text=Passive Passive Battery Cell Balancing]

==Safety and Monitoring==
As lithium and some other battery chemistries can be quote volatile when outside of their operating range, it is important of a battery management system to be able to sufficiently measure properties like temperature and voltage of individual cells. This data can also be used to feed algorithms that provide insight like state-of-charge estimation.
===Typical Cell Safe Operating Ranges===

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="height: 17.1719px;"
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Chemistry
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Min Voltage
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Max Voltage
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Discharge Temperature
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Charge Temperature
|- style="height: 16px;"
| style="height: 16px;"|Li-Po
| style="height: 16px;"|3.0V
| style="height: 16px;"|4.2V
| style="height: 16px;"|10°C ~55°C
| style="height: 16px;"|5°C ~ 45°C
|- style="height: 16px;"
| style="height: 16px;"|LiFePO4
| style="height: 16px;"|3.0V
| style="height: 16px;"|3.6V
| style="height: 16px;"|-20°C ~ 60°C 
| style="height: 16px;"|0 ~ 55°C 
|}

===Temperature Measurement===
As per FS rules and industry good practice, a significant number of cells should have their temperature measured at the negative terminal frequently to ensure safety and preventing events like thermal runaway from occurring.

Typically this is done by placing a thermistor on the negative terminal of the cell with a thermally conductive, but electrically insulating material in-between for purposes of electrical isolation.
===Voltage Measurement===
To ensure cells are not being over charged or discharged, accurate voltage measurement of each cell is needed. The battery management system only needs to measure each series connected cell as parallel connected cells will always have the same voltage potential.
==Note==
[http://fsae.polymtl.ca/ Poly eRacing](Polytechnique Montreal) developed an open hardware BMS, named BMSafe. You can reach out to them in order to get theschematic, code, and layout for free.

[[Category:Electric Vehicle]]

Battery Management Systems

2020-06-20T14:50:38Z

Gudni: /* Active Cell Balancing */

==Cell Balancing==
Cell balancing is required due to the inherent differences in the manufacturing of each battery cell. As cells are charged, some might charge sooner than others, reaching their maximum allowable voltage. When this happens, charging must stop to prevent the cell from being damaged. Unfortunately, this means that cells that aren't at their maximum voltage will be left undercharged. Later, when the pack is discharged, the cells that have less energy in them will discharge to their minimum voltage sooner at which point the battery must be shut off to prevent any cell damage. This again leaves many cells that aren't at their minimum voltage with energy still stored within them. This is wasteful and allows poorly performing cells to degrade more rapidly due to their increased charge cycles.
All of this can be mitigated using cell balancing which attempts to ensure equal distribution of energy amongst all cells during the charging and discharging processes.
===Active Cell Balancing===
Here is a good explanation from Analog Devices:[https://www.analog.com/en/technical-articles/active-battery-cell-balancing.html Active Battery Cell Balancing]

===Passive Cell Balancing===
 Passive cell balancing is where a battery cell is discharged through a resistor in order to bring all the cell voltages in the battery pack down to the voltage of the lowest cell. This method is usually only used for low currents below 1A as the discharged energy isdissipated as heat.

 Here is a good explanation from Analog Devices: [https://www.analog.com/en/technical-articles/passive-battery-cell-balancing.html#:~:text=Passive Passive Battery Cell Balancing]

==Safety and Monitoring==
As lithium and some other battery chemistries can be quote volatile when outside of their operating range, it is important of a battery management system to be able to sufficiently measure properties like temperature and voltage of individual cells. This data can also be used to feed algorithms that provide insight like state-of-charge estimation.
===Typical Cell Safe Operating Ranges===

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="height: 17.1719px;"
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Chemistry
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Min Voltage
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Max Voltage
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Discharge Temperature
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Charge Temperature
|- style="height: 16px;"
| style="height: 16px;"|Li-Po
| style="height: 16px;"|3.0V
| style="height: 16px;"|4.2V
| style="height: 16px;"|10°C ~55°C
| style="height: 16px;"|5°C ~ 45°C
|- style="height: 16px;"
| style="height: 16px;"|LiFePO4
| style="height: 16px;"|3.0V
| style="height: 16px;"|3.6V
| style="height: 16px;"|-20°C ~ 60°C 
| style="height: 16px;"|0 ~ 55°C 
|}

===Temperature Measurement===
As per FS rules and industry good practice, a significant number of cells should have their temperature measured at the negative terminal frequently to ensure safety and preventing events like thermal runaway from occurring.

Typically this is done by placing a thermistor on the negative terminal of the cell with a thermally conductive, but electrically insulating material in-between for purposes of electrical isolation.
===Voltage Measurement===
To ensure cells are not being over charged or discharged, accurate voltage measurement of each cell is needed. The battery management system only needs to measure each series connected cell as parallel connected cells will always have the same voltage potential.
==Note==
[http://fsae.polymtl.ca/ Poly eRacing](Polytechnique Montreal) developed an open hardware BMS, named BMSafe. You can reach out to them in order to get theschematic, code, and layout for free.

[[Category:Electric Vehicle]]

Battery Management Systems

2020-06-20T14:49:28Z

Gudni: /* Passive Cell Balancing */

==Cell Balancing==
Cell balancing is required due to the inherent differences in the manufacturing of each battery cell. As cells are charged, some might charge sooner than others, reaching their maximum allowable voltage. When this happens, charging must stop to prevent the cell from being damaged. Unfortunately, this means that cells that aren't at their maximum voltage will be left undercharged. Later, when the pack is discharged, the cells that have less energy in them will discharge to their minimum voltage sooner at which point the battery must be shut off to prevent any cell damage. This again leaves many cells that aren't at their minimum voltage with energy still stored within them. This is wasteful and allows poorly performing cells to degrade more rapidly due to their increased charge cycles.
All of this can be mitigated using cell balancing which attempts to ensure equal distribution of energy amongst all cells during the charging and discharging processes.
===Active Cell Balancing===
===Passive Cell Balancing===
 Passive cell balancing is where a battery cell is discharged through a resistor in order to bring all the cell voltages in the battery pack down to the voltage of the lowest cell. This method is usually only used for low currents below 1A as the discharged energy isdissipated as heat.

 Here is a good explanation from Analog Devices: [https://www.analog.com/en/technical-articles/passive-battery-cell-balancing.html#:~:text=Passive Passive Battery Cell Balancing]

==Safety and Monitoring==
As lithium and some other battery chemistries can be quote volatile when outside of their operating range, it is important of a battery management system to be able to sufficiently measure properties like temperature and voltage of individual cells. This data can also be used to feed algorithms that provide insight like state-of-charge estimation.
===Typical Cell Safe Operating Ranges===

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="height: 17.1719px;"
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Chemistry
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Min Voltage
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Max Voltage
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Discharge Temperature
| style="height: 17.1719px;"|Charge Temperature
|- style="height: 16px;"
| style="height: 16px;"|Li-Po
| style="height: 16px;"|3.0V
| style="height: 16px;"|4.2V
| style="height: 16px;"|10°C ~55°C
| style="height: 16px;"|5°C ~ 45°C
|- style="height: 16px;"
| style="height: 16px;"|LiFePO4
| style="height: 16px;"|3.0V
| style="height: 16px;"|3.6V
| style="height: 16px;"|-20°C ~ 60°C 
| style="height: 16px;"|0 ~ 55°C 
|}

===Temperature Measurement===
As per FS rules and industry good practice, a significant number of cells should have their temperature measured at the negative terminal frequently to ensure safety and preventing events like thermal runaway from occurring.

Typically this is done by placing a thermistor on the negative terminal of the cell with a thermally conductive, but electrically insulating material in-between for purposes of electrical isolation.
===Voltage Measurement===
To ensure cells are not being over charged or discharged, accurate voltage measurement of each cell is needed. The battery management system only needs to measure each series connected cell as parallel connected cells will always have the same voltage potential.
==Note==
[http://fsae.polymtl.ca/ Poly eRacing](Polytechnique Montreal) developed an open hardware BMS, named BMSafe. You can reach out to them in order to get theschematic, code, and layout for free.

[[Category:Electric Vehicle]]

Teams

2020-05-15T08:37:54Z

Gudni: Added links for Icelandic teams

[[Category:Team]]
==North American Teams==
===Canada===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.facebook.com/ConcordiaFormulaRacing/ Concordia Formula Racing]
| align="left"|Montréal, QC
|-
| align="left"|Formula uOttawa
| align="left"|Ottawa, ON
|-
| align="left"|Formule ETS
| align="left"|Montréal, QC
|-
| align="left"|Gryphon Racing
| align="left"|Guelph, ON
|-
| align="left"|McGill Formula Electric (MFE)
| align="left"|Montréal, QC
|-
| align="left"|Queen's Formula SAE
| align="left"|Kingston, ON
|-
| align="left"|Schulich Racing
| align="left"|Calgary, AB
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.umsae.com/formula-ic UMSAE Polar Bear Racing]
| align="left"|Winnipeg, MB
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.umsae.com/formula-e UMSAE Polar Bear Racing Electric]
| align="left"|Winnipeg, MB
|-
| align="left"|UTFR - UofT Formula Racing
| align="left"|Toronto, ON
|-
| align="left"|Waterloo Formula Electric
| align="left"|Waterloo, ON
|-
| align="left"|Lancer Motorsports
| align="left"|Windsor, ON
|-
| align="left"|[http://ravensracing.com/ Ravens Racing]
| align="left"|Ottawa, ON
|}

===United States===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.bruinracing.com/ Bruin Racing FSAE]
| align="left"|Los Angeles, CA
|-
| align="left"|[http://calbaptistracing.com/ CalBaptist Racing ]
| align="left"|Riverside, CA
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.carnegiemellonracing.org/ Carnegie Mellon Racing ]
| align="left"|Pittsburgh, PA
|-
| align="left"|[http://www.clemsonfsae.com/ Clemson University Formula SAE]
| align="left"|Clemson, SC
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.alabamafsae.com/ Crimson Racing]
| align="left"|Tuscaloosa, AL
|-
| align="left"|CSUF Titan Racing
| align="left"|Fullerton, CA
|-
| align="left"|[http://fsae.cooper.edu/ Cooper Union Motorsports]
| align="left"|New York City, NY
|-
| align="left"|[https://stuorgs.engineering.iastate.edu/sae/formula/ Cyclone Racing]
| align="left"|Ames, IA
|-
| align="left"|[https://formulabuckeyes.engineering.osu.edu/ Formula Buckeyes]
| align="left"|Columbus, OH
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.global-formula-racing.com/en/ Global Formula Racing]
| align="left"|Corvallis, OR
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.gophermotorsports.com/ Gopher Motorsports]
| align="left"|Minneapolis, MN
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.gtms.gatech.edu/ GT Motorsports]
| align="left"|Atlanta, GA
|-
| align="left"|[https://stcloudstate.campuslabs.com/engage/organization/huskyformularacing Husky Formula Racing]
| align="left"|St. Could, MN
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.jayhawkmotorsports.org/ Jayhawk Motorsports]
| align="left"|Lawrence, KS
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.kettering.edu/partnerships/formulasae Kettering University Formula SAE]
| align="left"|Flint, MI
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.ksumotorsports.com/ KSU Motorsports]
| align="left"|Kennesaw, GA
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.egr.msu.edu/fsae/ Michigan State Formula Racing]
| align="left"|East Lansing, MI
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.minesformula.com/ Mines Formula]
| align="left"|Golden, CO
|-
| align="left"|Mizzou Racing
| align="left"|Columbia, MO
|-
| align="left"|[https://sae.fiu.edu/ Panther Motorsports]
| align="left"|Miami, FL
|-
| align="left"|[//facebook.com/pittfsae Panther Racing]
| align="left"|Pittsburgh, PA
|-
| align="left"|[https://sites.psu.edu/pennstateracing/ Penn State Racing]
| align="left"|University Park, PA
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.k-state.edu/powercatmotorsports/ Powercat Motorsports]
| align="left"|Manhattan, KS
|-
| align="left"|[https://engineering.purdue.edu/fsae/wordpress/ Purdue Formula SAE]
| align="left"|W. Lafayette, IN
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.parksracingfsae.com/ SLU – Parks Racing]
| align="left"|St. Louis, MO
|-
| align="left"|[http://www.formularpi.org/ Rensselaer Motorsport]
| align="left"|Troy, NY
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.rit.edu/kgcoe/formula/ RIT Racing]
| align="left"|Rochester, NY
|-
| align="left"|RoadRunner Racing
| align="left"|San Antonio, TX
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.rutgersformularacing.com/ Rutgers Formula Racing]
| align="left"|Piscataway, NJ
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.facebook.com/asufsae/ Sun Devil Motorsports]
| align="left"|Tempe, AZ
|-
| align="left"|[https://sae.ou.edu/ The Sooner Racing Team]
| align="left"|Norman, OK
|-
| align="left"|[http://ttumotorsports.com/ TTU Motorsports]
| align="left"|Cookeville, TN
|-
| align="left"|[http://frucd.org/ UC Davis Formula Racing]
| align="left"|Davis, CA
|-
| align="left"|[http://www.uscformulasae.com/ USC Racing]
| align="left"|Los Angeles, CA, USA
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.utaracing.com/about/ UTA Racing Formula SAE]
| align="left"|Arlington, TX
|-
| align="left"|Velox Racing
| align="left"|San Antonio, TX
|-
| align="left"|[https://sites.google.com/pdx.edu/viking-motorsports Viking Motorsports]
| align="left"|Portland, OR
|-
| align="left"|[http://www.me.vt.edu/teams/sae-formula-team/ VT Motorsports]
| align="left"|Blacksburg, VA
|-
| align="left"|[http://fsae.eng.wayne.edu/ Warrior Racing]
| align="left"|Detroit, MI
|-
| align="left"|[https://uaformula.wordpress.com/ Wildcat Formula Racing]
| align="left"|Tucson, AZ
|-
| align="left"|[https://wisconsinracing.org/ Wisconsin Racing (Combustion & Electric]
| align="left"|Madison, WI
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.wwuracing.com WWU Racing]
| align="left"|Bellingham, WA
|}

----

==European Teams==
===Austria===

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 354px;" data-mce-style="width: 354px;"
|-
! style="width: 188px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 188px;"|Team Link
! style="width: 140px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 140px;"|Location
|-
| style="width: 188px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 188px;"|[https://www.ct-motorsport.at/ Campus Tirol Motorsport]
| style="width: 140px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 140px;"|Innsbruck, Austria
|-
| style="width: 188px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 188px;"|[https://www.joanneum-racing.at/ Joanneum Racing Graz]
| style="width: 140px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 140px;"|Graz, Austria
|-
| style="width: 188px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 188px;"|[https://racing.tugraz.at/de/ TU Graz Racing Team]
| style="width: 140px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 140px;"|Graz, Austria
|-
| style="width: 188px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 188px;"|[https://www.tuwienracing.at/ TU Wien Racing]
| style="width: 140px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 140px;"|Vienna, Austria
|-
| style="width: 188px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 188px;"|[https://campus-racing.at/ Os.car Racing Team]
| style="width: 140px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 140px;"|Vienna, Austria
|}

===Bosnia and Herzegovina===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|FSRacing Team
| align="left"|Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
|}

===Denmark===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|[https://aauracing.dk/ AAU Racing]
| align="left"|Aalborg, Denmark
|-
| align="left"|[http://www.sdu-vikings.dk/ SDU Vikings]
| align="left"|Odense, Denmark
|-
| align="left"|[https://vermilionracing.com/ Vermilion Racing]
| align="left"|Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
|}

===Finland===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|[http://metropolia-motorsport.fi/ Metropolia Motorsport]
| align="left"|Helsinki, Finland
|-
| align="left"|[http://www.tampereformulastudent.fi/ Tampere Formula Student] 
| align="left"|Tampere, Finland
|-
| align="left"|[//www.fsoulu.fi Formula Student Oulu]
| align="left"|Oulu, Finland
|}

===Germany===

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 412px;" data-mce-style="width: 412px;"
|-
! style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|Team Link
! style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Location
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://fh-aachen.de/forschung/formula-student/ Aixtreme Racing]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Aachen
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.amda-racing.de AMDA]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Darmstadt
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.balticracing.de Baltic Racing]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Stralsund
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://blueflash-hawk.de/ Blue Flash Mobility Concepts ]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Göttingen
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.btu-motorsport.de BTU-Motorsport]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Cottbus
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://seagulls-luebeck.de/ CAT racing]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Cobrug
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://dart-racing.de/ Dart Racing]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Darmstadt
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.deefholt-dynamics.de/ Deefholt Dynamics e.V.]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Diepholz
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://dynamics-regensburg.de/ Dynamics e.V.]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Regensburg
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://www.estallesslingen.de/ E.Stall Esslingen]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Göppingen
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://ecurie-aix.de/ Ecurie Aix]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Aachen
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.einstein-motorsport.com Einstein Motorsport]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Ulm
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.elbflorace.de Elbflorace]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Dresden
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.elefantracing.de Elefant Racing]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Bayreuth
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.eosracing.de/ Eleven-O-Six Racing Team]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Hamburg
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.fastforest.de Fast Forest]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Deggendorf
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.fastda-racing.de/ FaSTDa]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Darmstadt
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.fasttube.de FaSTTUBe]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Berlin
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://www.get-racing.de/ GET racing Dortmund]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Dortmund
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://gvr-clausthal.de/ Green Voltage Racing]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Clausthal
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://hawksracing.de HAWKS Racing e. V.]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Hamburg
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.hhn-racing.de HHN Racing e.V.]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Heilbronn
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.high-octane-motorsports.de High-Octane Motorsports e.V.]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Erlangen
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://www.highspeed-karlsruhe.de/ High Speed Karlsruhe]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Karlsruhe
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.hsnrracing.de HSNR Racing]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Krefeld
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.infinity-racing.de Infinity Racing]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Kempten
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.lionsracing.de Lions Racing Team]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Braunschweig
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.race-ing.de/ Race-Ing Team] 
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Dortmund
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://www.rennteam-stuttgart.de/ Rennteam Uni Stuttgart e.V.]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Stuttgart
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://rennstall-esslingen.de/ Rennstall Esslingen]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Esslingen
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.rhein-mosel-motorsport.de Rhein-Mosel-Motorsport]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Koblenz
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.rubmotorsport.de RUB Motorsport]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Bochum
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://runningsnail.oth-aw.de/ Running Snail Racing Team]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Amberg
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://seagulls-luebeck.de/ Seagulls Lübeck]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Lübeck
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.skyline-motorsport.de Skyline Motorsport]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Frankfurt a.M.
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://www.s3racing.de/ Speeding Scientists Siegen e.V.]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Siegen
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://www.strohmundsoehne.de/ Strohm + Söhne] 
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Nürnberg
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[http://www.umdracing.de UMD Racing e.V.]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Magdeburg
|-
| style="width: 253.2px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 253.2px;"|[https://formulastudent.uni-paderborn.de/ UPBracingTeam e.V.]
| style="width: 133.8px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 133.8px;"|Paderborn
|}

===Greece===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|TEIWM Racing Team
| align="left"|Kozani
|}

===Hungary===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|[http://frt.bme.hu/?id=hu/index BME Formula Racing Team]
| align="left"|Budapest
|}

===Iceland===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.ruracing.is/ RU Racing]
| align="left"|Reykjavik
|-
| align="left"|[https://teamspark.is/en Team Spark]
| align="left"|Reykjavik
|}

===Ireland===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|Formula Trinity
| align="left"|Dublin
|}

===Netherlands===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|FS Team Delft
| align="left"|Delft
|-
| align="left"|University Racing Eindhoven
| align="left"|Eindhoven
|-
| align="left"|Hanze Racing Division
| align="left"|Groningen
|}

===Norway===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.revolve.no/ Revolve NTNU]
| align="left"|Trondheim, Norway
|-
| align="left"|[https://www.alignracing.no/ Align Racing]
| align="left"|Agder, Norway
|-
| align="left"|[https://ionracing.no/ ION Racing]
| align="left"|Stavanger, Norway
|}

===Poland===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|AGH Racing
| align="left"|Krakow, Poland
|-
| align="left"|Silesia Automotive
| align="left"|Katowice, Poland
|-
| align="left"|PWR Racing Team
| align="left"|Wroclaw, Poland
|}

===Portugal===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| style="width: 188px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 188px;"|[https://fstlisboa.com/ FST Lisboa]
| style="width: 140px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 140px;"|Lisbon, Portugal
|-
| style="width: 188px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 188px;"|[https://www.facebook.com/IselFormulaStudent/ FS ISEL]
| style="width: 140px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 140px;"|Lisbon, Portugal
|}

===Slovenia===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|UNI Maribor GPE
| align="left"|Maribor
|}

===Spain===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| style="width: 188px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 188px;"|[https://www.e-techracing.es/ UPC EEBE e-Tech Racing ]
| style="width: 140px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 140px;"|Barcelona
|-
| style="width: 188px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 188px;"|[https://tecnuneracing.wixsite.com/tecnuneracing/ Tecnun eRacing]
| style="width: 140px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 140px;"|San Sebastian
|-
| style="width: 188px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 188px;"|[http://fsupv2017.webs.upv.es// FSUPV Team]
| style="width: 140px;" align="left" data-mce-style="width: 140px;"|Valencia
|}

===Switzerland===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|AMZracing
| align="left"|Zürich
|}

===Sweden===

{| class="wikitable" style="height: 151px;" width="301" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" data-mce-style="height: 151px;"
|- style="height: 16px;" data-mce-style="height: 16px;"
! style="height: 16px; width: 190.813px;" align="left" data-mce-style="height: 16px; width: 190.813px;"|Team Link
! style="height: 16px; width: 84.8125px;" align="left" data-mce-style="height: 16px; width: 84.8125px;"|Location
|- style="height: 2px;" data-mce-style="height: 2px;"
| style="height: 2px; width: 190.813px;" align="left" data-mce-style="height: 2px; width: 190.813px;"|[http://www.chalmersformulastudent.se/ Chalmers Formula Student]
| style="height: 2px; width: 84.8125px;" align="left" data-mce-style="height: 2px; width: 84.8125px;"|Gothenburg
|- style="height: 4px;" data-mce-style="height: 4px;"
| style="height: 4px; width: 190.813px;" align="left" data-mce-style="height: 4px; width: 190.813px;"|[https://www.clearriverracing.se/wp/ Clear River Racing]
| style="height: 4px; width: 84.8125px;" align="left" data-mce-style="height: 4px; width: 84.8125px;"|Karlstad
|- style="height: 7px;" data-mce-style="height: 7px;"
| style="height: 7px; width: 190.813px;" align="left" data-mce-style="height: 7px; width: 190.813px;"|[https://www.kthformulastudent.se/ KTH Formula Student]
| style="height: 7px; width: 84.8125px;" align="left" data-mce-style="height: 7px; width: 84.8125px;"|Stockholm
|- style="height: 1px;" data-mce-style="height: 1px;"
| style="height: 1px; width: 190.813px;" align="left" data-mce-style="height: 1px; width: 190.813px;"|[https://liuformulastudent.se/ LiU Formula Student]
| style="height: 1px; width: 84.8125px;" align="left" data-mce-style="height: 1px; width: 84.8125px;"|Linköping
|- style="height: 1.625px;" data-mce-style="height: 1.625px;"
| style="height: 1.625px; width: 190.813px;" align="left" data-mce-style="height: 1.625px; width: 190.813px;"|[https://lundformulastudent.se/ Lund Formula Student]
| style="height: 1.625px; width: 84.8125px;" align="left" data-mce-style="height: 1.625px; width: 84.8125px;"|Lund
|}

===Ukraine===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|FS ONPU
| align="left"|Odessa
|}

===United Kingdom===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|Cardiff Racing
| align="left"|Cardiff, UK
|-
| align="left"|Oxford Brooks Racing
| align="left"|Oxford, UK
|-
| align="left"|Leeds Formula Race Team
| align="left"|Leeds, UK
|-
| align="left"|LJMU e-Racing
| align="left"|Liverpool, UK
|-
| align="left"|Team Bath Racing Electric
| align="left"|Bath, UK
|-
| align="left"|UBRacing
| align="left"|Birmingham, UK
|-
| align="left"|Sheffield Formula Racing
| align="left"|Sheffield, UK
|-
| align="left"|[http://hullfs.co.uk HUFS]
| align="left"|Hull, UK
|}

----

==South American Teams==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|EESC USP Formula SAE
| align="left"|São Carlos, Brazil
|-
| align="left"|Equipe Poli Racing
| align="left"|São Paulo, Brazil
|-
| align="left"|[https://fsaeunicamp.com/ FSAE Unicamp]
| align="left"|Campinas, Brazil
|}

----

==Asian & Pacific Teams==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|TaipeiTechRacing
| align="left"|Taipei, Taiwan
|-
| align="left"|TDU Racing
| align="left"|Tokyo, Japan
|-
| align="left"|University of Auckland
| align="left"|Auckland, New Zealand
|-
| align="left"|University of Canterbury Motorsport
| align="left"|Christchurch, New Zealand
|}

===Australia===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|[//www.edithcowanuniracing.com Edith Cowan University Racing ]
| align="left"|Perth
|-
| align="left"|Curtin Motorsport Team
| align="left"|Perth
|-
| align="left"|UWA Motorsport
| align="left"|Perth
|-
| align="left"|Griffith Racing Team
| align="left"|Gold Coast
|-
| align="left"|Monash Motorsport
| align="left"|Melbourne
|-
| align="left"|RMIT Racing
| align="left"|Melbourne
|-
| align="left"|RMIT Electric Racing
| align="left"|Melbourne
|-
| align="left"|Team Swinburne
| align="left"|Melbourne
|-
| align="left"|UOW Motorsport
| align="left"|Wollongong
|-
| align="left"|UNSW Redback Racing
| align="left"|Sydney
|-
| align="left"|UNSW ADFA
| align="left"|Canberra
|-
| align="left"|[//www.uqracing.com UQ Racing ]
| align="left"|Brisbane, QLD
|}

===China(Mainland)===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|[//www.jluracing.com Gspeed Formula Racing ]
| align="left"|Changchun, Jilin
|-
| align="left"|Gspeed Electric Racing
| align="left"|Changchun, Jilin
|}

===India===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|Raftar Formula Racing, IIT-Madras
| align="left"|Chennai, India
|-
| align="left"|DJS Racing
| align="left"|Mumbai
|-
| align="left"|Fierce formula India
| align="left"|Hyderabad, India
|-
| align="left"|Pravega Racing
| align="left"|India
|-
| align="left"|Team Acceleracers
| align="left"|Pune, India
|-
| align="left"|Team Defianz Racing
| align="left"|New Delhi, India
|-
| align="left"|VITC Formula Electric
| align="left"|India
|-
| align="left"|Zurra Formula Racing
| align="left"|Chennai, India
|-
| align="left"|[http://www.orion-racing.com/ Orion Racing India]
| align="left"|Mumbai, India
|}

----

==Middle East & African Teams==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! align="left"|Team Link
! align="left"|Location
|-
| align="left"|Formula Electric Racing NUST
| align="left"|Karachi, Pakistan
|-
| align="left"|NED Racers
| align="left"|Karachi, Pakistan
|-
| align="left"|NUST Formula Student Team
| align="left"|Karachi, Pakistan
|}